Collaborative Action Key to Defeating ISIS and Al-Shabaab in Puntland

Collaborative Action Key to Defeating ISIS and Al-Shabaab in Puntland

The growth of ISIS in Somalia can be attributed to two primary factors: the Puntland administration’s strained relationship with the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and its underestimation of the security threats posed by militant activities in the Bari and Sanaag mountains. Additionally, unresolved clan grievances in Bosaso, particularly among the Ali Saleeban clan and other marginalized groups, have contributed to local instability. Compounding these issues, the Puntland Security Forces (PSF)—the region’s most capable force trained and equipped by the United States and the FGS—have found themselves sidelined in recent years.

The Role of Local and Federal Collaboration

To effectively combat ISIS and Al-Shabaab, Puntland must prioritize collaboration with both the federal government and local communities. Clan militias alone cannot sustain prolonged operations against these well-organized terror groups. Instead, leveraging the PSF’s expertise and resources, alongside support from the Somali National Army (SNA) and international partners, offers the best path forward.

Despite the potential for unified action, many political analysts highlight the Puntland administration’s reluctance to integrate its efforts with the FGS and Somali intelligence agencies. This hesitancy has resulted in missed opportunities to maximize the capabilities of national and regional forces. For example, Puntland leaders have resisted utilizing advanced reconnaissance and airpower resources offered by federal and international partners, focusing instead on politically driven operations.

A senior Somali intelligence officer stationed in Bosaso emphasized the need for a cooperative approach. “The PSF has unparalleled experience and manpower in this region,” the officer stated. “However, Puntland’s political isolationism undermines the fight against terror and leaves local communities vulnerable.”

To decisively defeat ISIS and Al-Shabaab in Puntland, several key steps must be taken:

1. Reconciliation with the Federal Government: Resolving differences between Puntland and the FGS will create a united front against terror groups.
2. Empowering Local Forces: The PSF’s reintegration into the broader Somali security framework is essential to leveraging their expertise effectively.
3. Addressing Clan Grievances: Resolving disputes with marginalized clans and incorporating them into security efforts can build trust and reduce local support for extremist groups.
4. International Partnerships: Embracing international support, including advanced reconnaissance and airpower, will strengthen Puntland’s operational capabilities.

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