Somalia is on the brink of a historic change as it prepares for its first nationwide one-person, one-vote election in May 2026. This marks a significant departure from the clan-based political system that has dominated the country since 1969, when General Siad Barre seized power and established a regime that lasted until his ousting in 1991.
The Shift from Clan-Based Politics.
For decades, Somalia’s political landscape has been characterized by clan affiliations, with power being allocated among the major clans rather than through direct popular vote. This system was intended to maintain a balance among Somalia’s diverse clans, but it has also contributed to political instability and fragmentation. The upcoming election will be a landmark event as it aims to introduce a more democratic system where citizens can vote directly for their representatives at all levels of government, from local councils to the presidency.
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s Vision.
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, who was inaugurated for his second term in office two years ago, has made the implementation of a direct electoral system a central goal of his administration. His campaign slogan, “Soomaali heshiis ah, dunidana la heshiis ah” (Somalis at peace amongst each other and at peace with the world), reflects his vision for a unified and democratic Somalia.
Key Achievements Under President Mohamud.
1. Debt Relief:
One of the administration’s notable successes has been securing significant debt relief. This achievement is critical for Somalia, as it allows the government to focus resources on development projects and public services rather than servicing debt.
2.Security Improvements:
Under President Mohamud’s leadership, there has been a relative improvement in security, particularly in the capital city, Mogadishu. The government has made strides in curbing the influence of militant groups such as Al-Shabaab and has reclaimed territories that were previously under their control.
3.Lifting of Arms Embargo:
The administration has been actively involved in efforts to lift the United Nations arms embargo, which had restricted Somalia’s ability to strengthen its national defense. Lifting the embargo would enable the government to better equip and support its security forces.
Somalia has made progress towards joining the East African Community, a regional bloc that promotes economic cooperation and integration. Membership in the EAC could enhance trade and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries.
5. Territorial Gains Against Al-Shabaab:
The government has achieved notable successes in liberating territories from Al-Shabaab. These gains are crucial for improving security and stability in affected regions.
6. Increased Revenue Collection and Budget Expansion:
The administration has reported an increase in revenue collection, which has allowed for a larger government budget. This expansion supports various public services and development initiatives.
7.President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s Achievement: Somalia’s Non-Permanent UN Security Council Seat
In addition to his notable successes in domestic governance and regional diplomacy, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s administration has achieved a significant milestone in international diplomacy: Somalia’s election to a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
Conclusion
The transition to a one-person, one-vote electoral system represents a significant and promising shift for Somalia. President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s administration has made notable strides in improving governance, security, and economic conditions. However, the success of these efforts will depend on overcoming entrenched challenges and ensuring a smooth transition to a more democratic and inclusive political system. As Somalia moves towards its 2026 election, the eyes of the international community will be closely watching to see if this pivotal moment leads to lasting stability and democratic governance.
