The Historic Ties Between Egypt and Somalia: A Context for Recent Security Agreements
The recent bilateral security agreement signed between Egypt and Somalia has sparked discussions and, panic for some (Ethiopia and their somali collaborators), surprise among observers in the region. However, this response overlooks the deep-rooted historical ties that have existed between the two nations, dating back to antiquity.
The relationship is not merely a contemporary political manoeuvre but a continuation of a long-standing bond that has weathered various historical epochs.
One of the most notable instances of early interaction between Egypt and Somalia can be traced back to the 18th Dynasty, when Queen Hatshepsut famously sent an Egyptian expedition to the Land of Punt. This expedition, which ventured into what is now considered Somali territory, highlights the ancient connections between the two regions.
During this era, the Puntite King Parahu and Queen Ati were significant figures, symbolizing the rich exchange of goods and culture that characterized their relationship.
Fast forward to the Middle Ages and the early modern period, and we find that the various Somali Sultanates maintained strong ties with Egypt.
The renowned Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta chronicled his journeys in the 14th century, noting the thriving trade relations between the Sultanates of Mogadishu and the Nile Valley. Moreover, the Adal Sultanate’s interactions with Egypt further illustrate the historical cooperation and mutual interests that have existed between these nations.
Archaeological findings, such as coins minted by the Burji Mamluk Sultanate’s Sultans Barquq (1382-1399) and Qaitbay (1468-1489) near Borama, serve as tangible evidence of the economic and political relationships that flourished between Egypt and Somalia. These artefacts point to a shared history of commerce, diplomacy, and cultural exchange that spans centuries.
In light of this historical context, it is important to address the misconceptions surrounding Egypt’s intentions in supporting Somalia. Claims suggest that Egypt’s assistance is solely aimed at undermining Ethiopia are not only unfounded but also an insult to the intelligence of those who understand the complexities of international relations in the Horn of Africa Egypt’s decision to engage with Somalia should be viewed as a response to a sovereign nation’s request for support in combating threats like the terrorist group Al-Shabaab, rather than a mere geopolitical tactic.
Critics may question why Egypt did not extend its support to Somalia earlier. It is crucial to recognize that Somalia has faced an arms embargo that restricted its ability to acquire military assistance. This limitation made it impossible for Egypt to deliver the necessary aid to help Somalia combat terrorism effectively. The recent agreement marks a turning point where Somalia, as a sovereign state, can invite its allies to assist in its fight against insecurity.
Today, the situation has shifted, and Ethiopia’s concerns reflect a fear of losing influence and control in the region. The collaboration between Egyptian, Eriteria, Djiboutian, and Somali forces represents a united front against terrorism, aiming to eradicate Al-Shabaab once and for all. This collective effort underscores the notion that regional cooperation—rooted in historical ties—can lead to meaningful security outcomes.
In conclusion, the security agreement between Egypt and Somalia is not a sudden development but rather a natural progression of a longstanding relationship. It highlights the importance of understanding the intricate history shared by these nations and the need to approach contemporary geopolitical issues with a nuanced perspective. As Egypt and Somalia strengthen their partnership, the focus should remain on combating terrorism and promoting stability in the region, rather than succumbing to narratives that seek to distort the truth.
